C# Arithmetic Operators

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Assume we define two int variables A=15 and B=5 in the examples below.

Operator	Usage	Description	Examples
+	A + B	A plus B.	int C = A + B; //C will be 15+5=20
-	A - B	Subtract B from A	int C = A - B; //C will be 15-5=10
*	A x B	A times B	int C = A * B; //C will be 15X5=75
/	A / B	A divided by B	int C = A / B; //C will be 15/5=3
%	A % B	A mod B returns the reminder of A divided by B.	int C = A % B; //C will be 15 % 5=0
++	A++	return the value of the variable before it adds 1.	int C = A++; //C will be 15 and A will be 16
++	++A	return the value of the variable after it adds 1.	int C = ++A; //A will be 16 and C will be 16 too.
--	A--	return the value of the variable before it minus 1.	int C = A--; //C will be 15 and A will be 14
--	--A	return the value of the variable after it minus 1.	int C = --A; //A will be 14 and C will be 14 too.

/ Operator and % Operator

Example 01-08-01

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									using System;

namespace DivisionMod
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int i, j;
            i = 60/7;          // 8 => i
            j = 60%7;          // 4 => j
            Console.WriteLine("i={0}, j={1}", i, j);

            double x = 10.0D, y;
            x = x/0.25;        // 40.0 => x
            y = x%9;           // 4.0 => y
            Console.WriteLine("x={0}, y={1}", x, y);
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

								

Output

									i=8, j=4
x=40, y=4

Line 9: Declare 2 int variables i and j.
Line 10: This is integer division and the quotient is also an integer. So it is 8 and the reminder is neglected
Line 11: Instead of neglecting the reminder, % operater is used to get the reminder. The arithmetic formula is like this 60=7x8+4. So it is 4.
Line 12: Output i and j.
Line 14: Declare 2 double variables x, y and set 10.0D to x.
Line 15: The result is double-typed 40 and x is assigned the result.
Line 16: 40%9=4. So the result is double-typed 4.
Line 17: Output x and y.

++ Operator and -- Operator

Example 01-08-02

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									using System;

namespace PlusPlus
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int i=5, j, k;
            j = 2 + i++;          // j = 7 and then i = 6
            k = 2 + ++i;          // i = 7 then k = 2 + 7 = 9
            Console.WriteLine("i={0}, j={1}, k={2}", i, j, k);

            float x = 4.15F, y, z;
            y = x-- + 1;          // 4.15 + 1 = 5.15 => y then 4.15 - 1 = 3.15 => x
            z = --x + 1;          // 3.15 - 1 = 2.15 => x then 2.15 + 1 = 3.15 => z
            Console.WriteLine("x={0}, y={1}, z={2}", x, y, z);
            Console.Read();
        }
    }
}

								

Output

									i=7, j=7, k=9
x=2.15, y=5.15, z=3.15

Line 9: Declare 3 int variables i, j and k. Set initial value 5 to i.
Line 10: We'll calculate the 2 + i first then i++. This statement equals to the following.

										j = 2 + i;
i = i + 1;
									

Line 11: We'll calculate ++i first and then the assignment. This statement equals to the following.

										i = i + 1;
k = 2 + i;
									

Line 12: Output i, j, k.
Line 14: Declare 3 float variables x, y, z and set 4.15F to x.
Line 15: The assignment is calcualted first. So y = x + 1 = 5.15F. Then x-- makes x = x - 1 = 3.15F.
Line 16: Firstly --x makes x = x - 1 = 2.15F. Then z = x + 1 = 3.15F.
Line 17: Output x, y, z.

In summary, a prefix increment or decrement operation, like ++x or --x, will plus 1 or minus 1 first then calculate the expression and return the value. a postfix increment or decrement operation, like x++ or x-- , will calculate the expression first, then return the result, at last the variable will plus 1 or minus 1.

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